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Ceramics produced from incinerator bottom ash
This technology is a process for using bottom ash normally left in landfills as the material in the creation of floor and wall tiles, bricks, utilitarian and decorative ceramics, among others.

The growing shortage of natural sources of clay, quartz, and feldspar minerals is leading to high costs in the production of ceramics. At the same time, landfill “bottom ash” resulting from municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration continues to occupy landfills. So far, the use of incinerator bottom ash in the production of ceramics has been used in combination with other materials, which can either be other types of solid waste, or natural minerals.

This technology offers a solution which enables the production of ceramic materials solely from incinerator bottom ash, then to be used in floor and wall tiles. Due to a strong aggregation of the particles, a light, but adequately dense ceramic with a granular texture is obtained, which is esthetically attractive and has adequate physical properties and mechanic resistance, to use as construction material. The resulting material fits into the emerging sustainable construction market, with the possibility of having the ecologic European label, called “Eco-label”, integrated.

The advantages over existing solutions include economic gains, through the utilization of incinerator bottom ash, with or without inclusion of other additives, and through elimination of stages that comprise the manufacturing process, reducing energetic and hydric expenses; and environmental gains, through the recycling of a waste normally disposed in landfills, through the preservation of scarce mineral natural sources, as well as, through the reduction of emission of carbonic gas to the atmosphere. The reduced maintenance and the durability of the ceramic material are, likewise, competitive advantages.

The advantages over existing solutions include economic gains, through the utilization of incinerator bottom ash, with or without inclusion of other additives, and through elimination of stages that comprise the manufacturing process, reducing energetic and hydric expenses; and environmental gains, through the recycling of a waste normally disposed in landfills, through the preservation of scarce mineral natural sources, as well as, through the reduction of emission of carbonic gas to the atmosphere. The reduced maintenance and the durability of the ceramic material are, likewise, competitive advantages.

The technology has successfully been tested in laboratory and has a PCT application pending.


Inventor/s UATEC University of Aveiro
Regina Monteiro
Erika Judith Davim
Carlos Frederico Figueiredo
Industry Materials Science
Sponsor Institution Universidade de Aveiro


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